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Health-department requirements

Opening a Kitchen in Virginia? Equipment You’re Required to Install

The equipment a Virginia health department expects, the state food code that actually controls here, and how plan review works.
Verified from primary sources. Educational, not legal advice — always confirm with your local health department.

What we verified

Each row is the verification state of one aspect for Virginia, taken from the data we hold. A check does not mean every local amendment or county fee was individually reviewed.

State framework✓Verified — core regulatory framework researched and confirmed
Licensing authority✓Verified — regulator named
Adopted code•FDA Food Code baseline (state edition not individually confirmed)
Primary sources✓Linked
County coverage◐Partial — framework only; county-specific permit fees and plan review vary by local authority
Fee schedule•Varies by local AHJ — state-level fees are not verified here
Last checked•2026-08-10 (source links re-verified monthly)

Core equipment nearly every commercial kitchen needs

These come from the FDA Food Code — a model code that nearly every state adopts and amends, with enforcement that varies by jurisdiction. Treat them as commonly required, not universal: your menu, your state’s adopted edition, and your local authority (AHJ) may impose different or additional requirements.

Labels flag how firm each item is — Common baseline core Food-Code expectation · Frequently required usual on plan review · Varies locally set by local/plumbing code · Verify with AHJ confirm the specifics locally. The finer details (drainboard count, which sanitation listings are accepted, interceptor sizing) are plan-review and plumbing-code matters that vary by jurisdiction; the notes below are FoodServiceNerd planning guidance, not a code citation.

Common baseline
3-compartment sink
Manual warewashing (wash/rinse/sanitize), bowls sized to your largest pot — a core FDA Food Code expectation, often required even with a dish machine. Varies locally Drainboard count and indirect waste / air-gap details are set by local plumbing code and plan review.
Common baseline
Hand sink(s)
Dedicated, near prep + warewashing + restrooms; warm water ≥100°F, soap, towels, signage. Count and placement confirmed at plan review.
Common baseline
Commercial refrigeration
Holds cold TCS food ≤41°F. Verify with AHJ Most jurisdictions want a recognized sanitation listing (NSF/ANSI 7 or an accepted equivalent such as ETL-Sanitation) — residential units are commonly rejected. Confirm the accepted standard locally.
Frequently required
Cleanable work surfaces
Smooth, corrosion-resistant, cleanable — a recognized sanitation listing (e.g. NSF/ANSI 2) is the usual bar, not home furniture.

Varies locally Also required in most kitchens: a mop/service sink, mechanical exhaust hood (Type I over grease/smoke), adequate hot water, indirect waste/air gaps on food & warewashing equipment, and a grease interceptor where local plumbing code requires it — which apply, and their sizing, are set locally.

How Virginia licenses & reviews you

Licensing authority: Virginia Dept. of Health; local health districts issue and administer. Regime: State permit, locally issued, near-statewide validity.

Strong model. VDH issues Mobile Unit Permits as a STICKER displayed on the unit, and that permit allows operation in most (though not all) Virginia localities provided you meet local zoning and have the property owner's permission - check with the local health district before working a new location. Most Virginia local health districts do not charge additional fees to a VDH-permitted mobile unit at public events. Plan review costs $40 through the local health department, with a 10-working-day response; a Change of Owner Waiver avoids repeating it if menu, equipment and facility are unchanged. Wastewater tank must be at least 15% larger than fresh. NOTABLE: VDH PROHIBITS 'pump and haul' - operators may not transfer wastewater between tanks; use a dump station or a permitted sewage transport vehicle. Hand sink with hot and cold water under pressure. Commissary required where on-board cooling, cooking or cold storage is insufficient for the menu, and it must itself be VDH-permitted. Separate 2018 fire safety requirements from the Dept. of Housing and Community Development apply to mobile food establishments.

Mobile/food-truck reciprocity: MOSTLY YES - a VDH Mobile Unit Permit allows operation in most, but not all, Virginia localities

New builds and remodels almost always require a plan review and a pre-opening inspection. Submit your equipment layout early — the sink count, hood, and hot-water sizing are the usual sticking points.

Primary sources for Virginia

Confirm the current mobile/retail food licence class, fees, forms and inspection scheduling with the state agency before applying.

Local requirements by county in Virginia (133)

Food-permit basics, inspection grading and your local health-department contact, county by county. Fees and plan review are set locally — find yours below.

Accomack County
Albemarle County
Alexandria city
Alleghany County
Amelia County
Amherst County
Appomattox County
Arlington County
Augusta County
Bath County
Bedford County
Bland County
Botetourt County
Bristol city
Brunswick County
Buchanan County
Buckingham County
Buena Vista city
Campbell County
Caroline County
Carroll County
Charles City County
Charlotte County
Charlottesville city
Chesapeake city
Chesterfield County
Clarke County
Colonial Heights city
Covington city
Craig County
Culpeper County
Cumberland County
Danville city
Dickenson County
Dinwiddie County
Emporia city
Essex County
Fairfax County
Fairfax city
Falls Church city
Fauquier County
Floyd County
Fluvanna County
Franklin County
Franklin city
Frederick County
Fredericksburg city
Galax city
Giles County
Gloucester County
Goochland County
Grayson County
Greene County
Greensville County
Halifax County
Hampton city
Hanover County
Harrisonburg city
Henrico County
Henry County
Highland County
Hopewell city
Isle of Wight County
James City County
King George County
King William County
King and Queen County
Lancaster County
Lee County
Lexington city
Loudoun County
Louisa County
Lunenburg County
Lynchburg city
Madison County
Manassas Park city
Manassas city
Martinsville city
Mathews County
Mecklenburg County
Middlesex County
Montgomery County
Nelson County
New Kent County
Newport News city
Norfolk city
Northampton County
Northumberland County
Norton city
Nottoway County
Orange County
Page County
Patrick County
Petersburg city
Pittsylvania County
Poquoson city
Portsmouth city
Powhatan County
Prince Edward County
Prince George County
Prince William County
Pulaski County
Radford city
Rappahannock County
Richmond County
Richmond city
Roanoke County
Roanoke city
Rockbridge County
Rockingham County
Russell County
Salem city
Scott County
Shenandoah County
Smyth County
Southampton County
Spotsylvania County
Stafford County
Staunton city
Suffolk city
Surry County
Sussex County
Tazewell County
Virginia Beach city
Warren County
Washington County
Waynesboro city
Westmoreland County
Williamsburg city
Winchester city
Wise County
Wythe County
York County